How to Make an Outline For Research Paper

<h1>How to Make an Outline For Research Paper</h1><p>To figure out how to make a diagram for an exploration paper is fundamental so as to set up the undertaking for accommodation. Some may not understand this since it isn't given much attention.</p><p></p><p>This task is important to compose an examination paper and has been utilized by understudies and experts for quite a while. The blueprint shows the peruser of the work you are taking a shot at just as the zones you have to cover. This improves the nature of your paper.</p><p></p><p>When illustrating, it is imperative to compose unmistakably. You can write all in all terms or progressively explicit terms. It relies upon your character. Try not to incorporate whatever you don't require in your project.</p><p></p><p>Writing diagrams for a venture should be possible when you have finished your task. It should likewise be possible on the day you present your task. The diagram will enable your crowd to recollect what they have to know so as to comprehend the extend and have the best experience possible.</p><p></p><p>Start by making a rundown of inquiries and perceptions that you need to have answers to. It tends to be an incredible assistance to utilize a Google Docs represent this reason. Note that you can keep the rundown free-hand, on the off chance that you need to, however I recommend utilizing a spreadsheet as a format for your project.</p><p></p><p>Next, pick a point and compose a portrayal of the theme and compose a sentence clarifying why you chose that subject. These two sentences should coordinate. The fundamental reason for existing is to discover likenesses between your subject of study. As you compose, consider where and why your theme may fit in the network. Have you constantly needed to do an undertaking on the subject?Next, list all the things you have to accom plish for your venture. This ought to be long and point by point. On the absolute first page, list the specific subtleties of what you will accomplish for your paper. At that point you can include extra subtleties varying. When you have finished the framework, fill in all the spots where you have to go in your paper.</p><p></p><p>Do not forget about anything on your layout. These are imperative regions to use in your examination paper. Indeed, doing your layout from the earliest starting point is a smart thought. This will give you a general picture ahead of time and guarantee your paper is all set at the best possible time.</p>

Essay Topics For College Artists

Essay Topics For College ArtistsEssay topics for college artists can be very useful, particularly when doing research for a particular assignment. For one thing, many assignments require that students be able to describe their own work. Usually they want to do this by drawing a picture or sketching something. The art of drawing is extremely important for all kinds of art projects.However, some types of essays may need essay topics for college artists to draw something from a source, such as photographs, paintings, or drawings. In these situations the students must know how to quickly and easily summarize their work. This is why essay topics for artists can come in handy.Drawing from photographs can also help students who have already completed an assignment for art class to draw something else. Sometimes the assignment requires that students be able to summarize their art from a photo. They can use a picture that was taken during a painting or drawing project. In this way they will n ot have to spend hours browsing through their books of pictures.There are several reasons for a teacher to give students a drawing from a source other than a particular kind of painting. Some assignments for some art subjects require that students draw something from an art object. These include paintings, drawings, sculptures, and photographs.Students will sometimes need to be able to quickly summarize an image. In these cases they may need to make use of an essay topic for college artists, as this can be helpful for them. The essay topic can help them to describe their own work and compare it to other forms of art, by drawing pictures from a source.Students can get these topics from either sources online or from print sources. Books on art and pictures are good places to look. Sometimes the library has copies of magazines that may have art assignments that require the student to draw something from a source.Pictures can also be downloaded from the internet. For assignments that re quire students to draw something, they should either download the picture or draw the picture on paper first. Then the assignments can be made from the drawing.Students can also be given examples of what is acceptable to draw. This is especially true of assignments that involve photographs. Some school principals will ask that students draw the picture before copying it onto a piece of paper. Otherwise they will ask that the drawing be written out and then copied into a word document, or saved into a computer program.

Why Use Essay Samples?

Why Use Essay Samples?Whether you are seeking help with your economic essay or are an expert in the field, there are many essay samples you can use. By using them, you will not only be able to write an excellent essay, but also better understand how to construct a clear and cohesive argument. There are different ways to utilize the information that is contained in these essays, as well as different types of essay samples you can use. The following are examples of how you can use one of these samples to help you make your point:If you want to present the strengths and weaknesses of an idea, you should include some form of essay in which to do so. An example of an essay would be the Econometric Approach, which will show you how to set up a comparison between the economic argument and the academic argument. This approach will offer a solution that both schools and experts can benefit from.When writing an essay that is designed to demonstrate a difference between two ideas, you will find it helpful to use economic essay samples. The strength of this essay sample is that it focuses on those arguments that are able to be used by a non-economist as well. Another advantage of this type of essay is that it has been gathered together and arranged in such a way that the reader is presented with a wide variety of opinions and perspectives on a given subject. You will find that this is an excellent essay sample to use when teaching economics.This is an excellent essay sample because it gives the readers the ability to compare two ideas. These essays come in a variety of formats and will give you an excellent idea of what each of the two arguments is capable of doing. Some of the best essay samples include the fact and opinion samples. By using these types of essays, you will find that you have more than one means to effectively present your points. If you are an expert in a certain field and you wish to allow others to know what you are capable of, you should use the Econom etric Attitude.This is another great essay sample that can give you an excellent way to showcase your knowledge. This essay comes in a number of different formats, allowing you to include a number of different points. This is one of the most effective essays that you can use to help you convey the quality of your knowledge.There are many reasons why using economic essay samples can be helpful. Using an essay can allow you to show the breadth of your knowledge and the difficulty that you have placed on the idea. This makes it easier for you to get a message across and convey the lessons you have learned throughout your career.As you may have seen by now, there are many different ways to utilize the resources that are available through the use of economic essay samples. You can use them to help you to help others get the message that they need to get.

Final Literacy Statement . I Have Learned A Vast Amount

Final literacy statement I have learned a vast amount of knowledge after taking this literacy course. My perspective on literacy now, have developed into a notion that literacy is needed for a student’s success. My outlook on adolescent literacy is still that it has wide range of different perspectives. Literacy is the basic method of understanding the material. I define literacy to be composed of several components such as: comprehension, communication, reading, critical thinking, and analyzing. According to â€Å"Why is literacy important?† (2017, March 24) The power of literacy lies not just in the ability to read and write, but rather in a person’s capacity to apply these skills to effectively connect, interpret and discern the†¦show more content†¦Scientific literacy is not defined by what the person knows in science but defined by how they perceive the information that is given. Nevertheless, in my content area literacy skills could be life or death. In science when dea ling with chemicals individuals must read thoroughly. It is easy to misread a chemical that can be hazardous and mistake it for one that is not. For example, hydrogen peroxide and dihydrogen monoxide are two different chemicals, but could easily get mixed up by a student. Another situation where literacy plays an important role in science is understanding the directions. If a student does not comprehend the directions accordingly, then they may be misinformed on what to do with the assignment. In addition to these particular literacy skills, the ability to analyze is also crucial to the scientific field. One of the first objectives, students learn in science is the scientific method. The key component in the scientific method is the hypothesis and the ability to analyze the results. Students who lack the ability to analyze text or results will most likely not understand what occurred in the experiment. They will also not be able to elaborate and discuss their results. A great interv ention to reduce error and to build on student’s literacy skills is to provide students withShow MoreRelatedNotes On Child Vaccinations And Gender Roles, And A Research Paper1285 Words   |  6 PagesI have chosen three papers for my portfolio: paper one - Language Matters: Positives and Negatives, paper two - PEP for Vitamins and Gender Roles, and a research paper, paper four - Child Vaccinations: Importance to a Healthy Society. I have written four papers in total, and I believe that these papers illustrate the different style of writing, and the progress I have made throughout this semester. The structure of this cover letter will display how these three particular papers address the EnglishRead MoreNotes On Child Vaccinations And Gender Roles, And A Research Paper1331 Words   |  6 PagesI have chosen three papers for my portfolio: Paper One - Language Matters: Positives and Negatives, Paper Two - PEP for Vitamins and Gender Roles, and a research paper, Paper Four - C hild Vaccinations: Importance to a Healthy Society. I have written four papers in total, and I believe that these papers demonstrate the different styles of writing I have learned and illustrate the progress I have made throughout this semester. The structure of this cover letter will display how these three particularRead MoreOur Dependence On The Electronic Tools1571 Words   |  7 Pageswe store, process, and retrieve information, in other words, our schemas, has been altered by the use of the web. Our dependence on the electronic tools we interact with on a daily basis may have altered how we communicate what we have learned to others. â€Å"The traditional manner of structuring argument may have been replaced by a more diffuse manner that parallels the format of web content† (Rusciano Xia, 2013). Our knowledge structure has moved from print-based to web-based (Rusciano Xia, 2013)Read MoreThe Film A Separation ( 2011 ) Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pagesstory, Nader and Simin dispute over living abroad. Simin prefers to leave the country to pursue a better future for herself and her family. Nader refuses to leave the country in order for him to have the ability to take care of his father that is plagued with Alzheimer’s disease, which requires a vast amount of Nader’s time. Simin is determined to create her future and leave the country, and will leave by any means, including divorce from her husband. Although they still love each other, Simin doesRead MoreNew Times for Education: Issues of Development Fairness4783 Words   |  20 Pagespeople who have never, since childhood, met an open doorway with an open mind. The implication of these words from E. B. White, a famous American writer and winner of the Pulitzer Prize, refers to something that happens to the vas t majority of people in the developed and in large segments of the developing worlds, which is schooling. Hardly anybody denies the importance of schooling. At the very least, places must exist where parents can leave their children, especially when both have to go toRead More The Significance of the Buddhist Mantra Essays4610 Words   |  19 Pagesgods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings alike on the path to enlightenment. The Americans are suitably impressed, and return satisfied to their rooms in the city. Later that night, though, the man realizes that he has not learned the meaning of the mantra. The next day he returns to the square to find the yogin sitting in the same spot, chanting as he did the day before. Tell me, what does your mantra mean? he asks. The blind man replies Om, with its three letters ARead MoreImplementing Comprehensive Classroom Technology Plan5766 Words   |  24 Pagesare all appropriate ways to use technology in the classroom (Standards for Teachers). Once these types of technology are mastered, student performance, creativity, and thirst for knowledge should begin to increase. Section One: Mission and Vision Statement The vision of a teacher is to inspire, encourage, and create knowledgeable and productive members of society. The mission is to make sure that each child is inspired and encouraged to fulfill whatever dreams he/she has while gaining the skillsRead MoreDISSERTATION21474 Words   |  86 PagesAlthough I have always liked to use authentic materials in class, I had never had the opportunity to make a survey and find out if there were real benefits in the ESL classroom. This research was aimed to find out how learners accept authentic materials and the benefits obtained in their learning process. The results of the investigation allowed me to observe how meaningful the activities were, as well as how motivated the students felt in their learning process. Firstly, I define what I mean byRead MoreFactors Affecting Mathematics Performance of Laboratory High School Students at Laguna State Polytechnic University Academic Year 2009-20107649 Words   |  31 Pagesof Secondary Education Major : Mathematics ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author is very grateful to GOD ALMIGHTY for without His graces and blessings, t6his study would not have been possible. Immeasurable appreciation and deepest gratitude for the help and support are extended to the following persons who in one way or another have contributed in making this study possible. Prof. Lydia R. Chavez, Dean of Education, for her support and words of encouragement and also for giving a long period of timeRead MoreMastering Graduate Studies 1e32499 Words   |  130 Pages85017 602.639.7500 Copyright Information Grand Canyon University. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher  custom textbook usage The following icons have been created to assist students’ interactive experience in usage of this textbook. These will appear across the top or bottom of every page. Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Underlined text

Lifestyle or Lifecycle Funds and Law †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Lifestyle or Lifecycle Funds. Answer: Introduction: A permanent resident is allowed to work in his residential country, but cannot get a job from the government. Permanent resident and citizen are two terms that differentiates the status of a person in a country he or she lives. The difference between these two terms is under the privileges aligned to each. A permanent resident is not allowed to vote during general elections (McMillan, 2017). Other than that, a permanent resident can be deported if he or she commits a serious offense such as terrorism as prohibited in the law. When a person is guilty of committing such grave crimes, they will serve prison (Miller, 2015). On the other hand, it is also possible that the permanent resident status might be stripped off and be deported back to his or her original country. In other words, An Australian permanent resident is a person who can live and work in Australia, and is a holder of a permanent residency visa but is not the citizen of Australia. Consequently, if a person comes from another country and wants to become a citizen, then he has to take a loyalty oath to the country he moved to when he finally applies for citizenship after a certain period. According to Australia, this period is four years while in other countries such as U.S. and Canada it is three years. Additionally, coming to the individual rights and privileges, a citizen has a right to vote in the general election (McMillan, 2017). A citizen can work in any department so long as he has the qualifications. It implies that he can work in a government office. Therefore, in reference to Kit's scenario based on the above clarifications, he is a resident. He can only be allowed to work and live in Australia but he cannot vote in the general election or work in any position in the government. It is because he lacks the privileges of a citizen. On the other hand, he has stayed in Australia for the last four years but he has not applied for citizenship that could make him become a citizen under naturalization Law (McMillan, 2017). Naturalization is a legal process that allows a non-citizen of a country to acquire citizenship. Naturalization can be done in two ways: (1) it can be done by passing a statute that does not require individuals efforts of the applicant for the citizenship to get approved by the legal authorities. The necessary requirement of the naturalization depends on minimum legal residency, which in this case is four years according to Citizenship Act 2007 (McMillan, 2017). Other requirements may include things such as knowledge of the dominant language and culture and promising to obey and follow the rules that country. (2) Naturalization can be done based on whether the country allows dual citizenship or not. If the country accepts a single citizenship, then the permanent resident will lose his original citizenship after applying for the new one. But because Australia allows dual citizenship, and being that Kit and his family have met the minimum legal residency, it means that he can now apply for the citizenship for his family. Besides, if his children are aged below 16 years, then they can be included on the parent's application. Taxation of Kits Salary and Investments When it comes to taxation of a permanent resident, the Australian government tax each and every income received by a resident from any part of the world. However, it is subjected to certain concessions and exemptions. On the other hand, foreign assets, for example, the ones that Kit and his wife have in Chile are taxable in Australia with an offset allowed for any foreign taxes paid by the permanent resident. Additionally, dividends received from Australia and from foreign investments are combined in assessable income. However, being that dividend income from abroad investment is also taxed in a foreign country, there could be a foreign income tax offset. Moreover, Australian statute has got various attribution regulations that aim to tax residents on gains and income that have accumulated in foreign investments, even though there is no actual distribution of gains or income received by the resident. These regulations are referred as the Controlled Foreign Company and Transferor Rules (Manyam, 2011). Simply, these attribution regulations stop resident investors from deferring tax by accruing income derived through controlling and non-controlling benefits in foreign countries. Other than that, interest offshore from bank bonds, deposits among other fixed interest securities will be taxed according to Australian Law. The taxation is based on the employment income, rental income, Australia pensions and amenities, and capital gains on Australia assets. Because Kit is an Australian permanent resident, he will have to pay residency for tax purposes. It is because he is working and living and has taken steps to make Australia his residence by purchasing a home. Moreover, the incomes Kit and his wife receive from their investments from Chile are also taxed because the taxation rule in Australia is that they tax all the income of a resident from any part of the world. Additionally, dividends received from Australia and the foreign investments are combined in assessable income (Okunev, 2014). However, being that the family is receiving interest income from their investments in Chile from which they are taxed by Chilean government, there could be a foreign income tax offset by the Australian government due to double taxation. To conclude with, if an individual from foreign country becomes a resident of Au stralia, all of his capital investments at that point in time becomes subject to the Australian capital gains tax system (Okunev, 2014). The case between Californian Copper Syndicate Ltd v Harris (Surveyor of Taxes) is about taxation of business income. There were two questions that arose: The first was about how to define boundaries of the business activity, and the second was how to determine whether a specific gain comes within the realm of business. The case showed that the plaintiff intention was to invest long-term that was found to be inconsistent with the reason of acquiring the shares to provide cash for insurance division. The court held that all the evidence showed that Westpac Management being the fund manager had been directed to attain and manage so that to achieve the aim of long-term capital growth. Judge Williams J. of the Court of appeal made the following judgment. He said that the appeal was between the Scottish Australian Mining Co. Ltd. as per the Income Tax Assessment Act from the verdict made by the Board of review declining to uphold the corporation objections to getting assessed by its correspondent for income tax for the four accounting years. Judge Williams decided that the question of Law was not involved in the decision of the Board, and for that reason the Federal Court has no jurisdiction to consider the appeal ("BarNet Jade - Find recent Australian legal decisions, judgments, case summaries for legal professionals (Judgments And Decisions Enhanced)", 2007). A group of fishermen owned beachfront shacks in Western Australia and in 1954; they agreed to form a company. They bought 1584 acres of land with an aim of ensuring that they will always access their beachfront shacks. Over ten years later they sold all their shares to other three development companies. The companies wanted to subdivide and resale the land, but they realized that direct purchase of the land would attract taxation under sec 25(1) of the ITAA36 because their intention was to make a profit. So they decided to buy the shares in the company for them to argue that the sale was a simple realization of a capital asset, which is not taxed under the Law. They acquired shares, altered the articles and sold the land in portions within four years and obtained $7 million ("ATO ID 2002/483 (Withdrawn) - Loss from isolated sale of property", 2008). The court decided that the profits were assessable as the acquisition of the original company by the new owners with an aim of making pr ofit meant that the corporation had changed so the land improvement was a trade. Statham Anor v FC of T 89 ATC 4070 In this case, the trustees of the deceased estate were the taxpayers. The deceased had acquired the land with an intention of raising a family and to use some parts for farming. A few years later, the deceased sold half of the land to a company that was controlled by members of the family. The new owners got into a partnership to raise cattle, but they did not perform well and decided to sell the land. The deceased passed on at the time the subdivided portions were being sold and some were sold after his death. The Commissioner argued that land divisions were assessable income, but the court stand was that the profits were not the ordinary benefits because the activities of the partners showed that the owners were not engaging in profit-making business ("ATO ID 2002/483 (Withdrawn) - Loss from isolated sale of property", 2008). In this case, the taxpayer got the farming land from his father and used it for production business for 20 years. But, due to sickness and growing of debt, he decided to subdivide the land and sold a larger portion. He subdivided them into eight portions over a period of 18 years and constructed various infrastructures such as roads, water, sewerage, and fences as parts on the partitions of the land. The Commissioner challenged that the benefits from the sale of each partition were ordinary income; hence, assessable on the grounds that he was running a business of land subdivision ("ATO ID 2002/273 (Withdrawn) - Sale of subdivided farmland - Income or capital gain?", 2004). Conversely, on the appeal, the federal court stand was that the profits from the partitions were the realization of the profits and the taxpayer was not running the business of land partitions. Moana Sand Pty Ltd v FC of T 88 ATC 4897 In this case, a company obtained land in Adelaide. The company acquired the land with an intention of carrying the business of selling sand and operational. When the company received the government application that they wish to do mining on the land, the taxpayer rejected the application through letters in which he stated that the land was be subdivided into building portions. When taxpayer acquired to know about the future of land subdivisions, he realized that the land had been rezoned as rural and the government intends to preserve it. Finally, the government took the land at $500,000 that was paid in two installments ("ATO ID 2002/483 (Withdrawn) - Loss from isolated sale of property", 2008). The court decision was that the amount received by the taxpayer for the land was an ordinary income because it represented the initial intention of the taxpayer to sell sand and at a later day sell the land for profit. In this case, the taxpayer got a loan to buy five blocks of land for a period of ten years. For some time, the land got used for crops farming and grazing purpose, but eventually, it was partitioned. After two years and other years that followed, the taxpayer sold fifty-one blocks making a net profit of $388,288 ("ATO ID 2002/273 (Withdrawn) - Sale of subdivided farm land - Income or capital gain?", 2010). The court ruled that the taxpayer was quantifiable on the benefits as he was operating a business of land development. However, the court recognized that there was a period at the beginning where the land was being used for farming and found that there was enough evidence that taxpayer knew at the beginning, due to the size of the loan he acquired, that at some point he would have to sell some of the lands. McCurry Anor v FC of T 98 ATC 4487 In this case, the taxpayers bought land with an old house build on it. They removed the house and replaced it with three new townhouses. They advertised had advertised their sales before completion but the sale was unsuccessful. They moved into the two of the houses and stayed for one year and sold the one year later making profit of an average of $150,000. After some time they purchased another block of land where they build houses then sold ("ATO ID 2002/483 (Withdrawn) - Loss from isolated sale of property", 2008). The court decided that the sale of the townhouses was ordinary income because they obtained the land for business purposes with a view of obtaining profit. References ATO ID 2002/483 (Withdrawn) - Loss from isolated sale of property. (2008). Law.ato.gov.au. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=AID/AID2002483/00001 ATO ID 2002/273 (Withdrawn) - Sale of subdivided farm land - Income or capital gain?. (2004). Law.ato.gov.au. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=AID/AID2002273/00001 BarNet Jade - Find recent Australian legal decisions, judgments, case summaries for legal professionals (Judgments And Decisions Enhanced). (2007). Jade.io. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://jade.io/article/64663 Collins, P., Earl, D., Redenbach, G. (2009). foreign source income reforms. Legal database - View: ATO Interpretative Decisions: ATO ID 2001/55 (Withdrawn). (2010). Ato.gov.au. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?docid=AID/AID200155/00001 Manyam, J. (2011). Taxation of Gains from Banking and Insurance Businesses in New Zealand. Revenue Law Journal, 1-31. McMillan, K. (2017). Affective integration and access to the rights of permanent residency: New Zealanders resident in Australia post-2001. Ethnicities, 17(1), 103-127. Miller, M. J. (2015). Treaties. International Tax Journal, 41(4), 11-14. Okunev, J. (2014). Lifestyle or Lifecycle Funds Are They the Answer to Retirement Wealth Creation?. The Journal Of Investing, 141114200145002. https://dx.doi.org/10.3905/joi.2014.2014.1.039 TR 2007/8 - Income tax: registered agricultural managed investment schemes. (2004). Law.ato.gov.au. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=TXR/TR20078/NAT/ATO/00001

Role of Culture in Change Management

Executive Summary Culture refers to â€Å"a people’s way of life†. In the business context, the values and norms of an organization or company form the organization’s culture. Enhanced technology together with the increase in the number of products in the global market has led to a turbulent and dynamic business environment.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Role of Culture in Change Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For companies to remain afloat in the competitive environment, they must always be ready embrace change. Every organization in the 21st century is aware the change scenario, the only challenge lies in the manner in which the change strategy is implemented (Cameron and Quinn 2006). A company’s culture is lies in mission and vision. This paper looks at the role of the role of organization culture in managing change. In understanding the impact of a company’s culture on change management, the â€Å"integrated cultural framework† is used as a measuring tool (Krastchmer 2005). This takes into account the ability to influence, need to maintain the status quo, need to achieve, time and space as parameters of measurement. The paper also looks at the different organization cultures and how each of them affects change management in the organization. The Scope of Organizational Change The working environment in any company is faced by four types of change. These are classified under process, power, culture and functions. In the process dimension, companies are forced to adapt new working processes as they seek to align to changes brought about by technology. Recurrent innovations are yielding new and better ways of transacting businesses, making the old models obsolete and unprofitable. For any company or industry to survive in this scenario, it must put its operation processes on top and be ready to welcome new innovations every time. Fu nctional change entails possible changes that can be effected from time to time in the company’s organization structure. These changes are both vertical and horizontal. Most organizations in the current business era are finding reason to shift their management styles from bureaucratic models to open and network based models.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another model that has been in use in most organizations is the leader-follower model. The model develops an enhanced leader, follower relationship that results in a stable â€Å"internal locus of control† (Krastchmer 2005). Power change is about sharing of power as concerns decision making in the organization. This type of change dimension revolves around the formation of dominant centers of power that direct the rest of the actors in the company. The power change has been cited as the most difficult to app ly, and is often met by a lot of challenges in organizations. Formation of team coalitions in an organization helps in achieving effective and functional workforce as opposed to having a single centre of power (Cameron and Quinn 2006). The single centre of power is often responsible for formation of rebellious forces in the organization, which aim at countering the authority. The cultural change, which is the main part of this paper focuses on the values and norms of the people in the organization. Every organization has norms and values which are either productive or counterproductive to the organization’s set objectives. It is the duty of the leaders in the organization to weed out the unproductive norms and retain the ones that are aligned to good production. An organization can only succeed on changing the culture by ensuring total commitment to change by both the management and employees. There are three main steps to eliminate cultural resistance in an organization. The first step is to ensure every member of the organization feels worthy to be in the organization during the period of change. When members perceive the change as being directed to the benefit of the organization, and them being part of it, they commit themselves to the change. The second step is for the management to allow employees to take up the task of implementing the change. Employees should play the role as agents of change so that it is not perceived to be a forced idea on them from the management. The third step is to ensure respect of the leadership decision right from below. Leadership teams often encounter problems implementing change decisions because their decisions are not respected. The final step in eliminating cultural resistance is to â€Å"practice leadership through leaning† (Krastchmer 2005).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Role of Culture in Change Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Lea rn More Leadership is a learning process, every time a leader makes a decision, he or she learns lessons from the impact that the decision has on the organization. The learnt lessons should also be shared with the members of the organization to provide them a similar learning opportunity. Change Management Approaches There are two main approaches used in change management; they are planned and emergent approach. The planned approach is based on the assumption that what determines change can be planned for in advance. The approach also takes into account technology as an integral part of change management. In this approach, the organization managers are charged with the responsibility of directing the change process. This approach is slowly being replaced by the emergent approach due to high failure rates in its application occasioned by the complex nature of organizations in the current era (Cameron and Quinn 2006). The approach also puts more emphasis on technology as a component of the change process at the expense of other socio-cultural factors. The emergent approach takes into account the current behavior aspects of the organization in the change process. The approach does not vest all the responsibilities of directing change process to the senior management, all actors are encouraged to implement the change process in the organization. The approach looks at change as a continuous process in the organization thus helping the actors to understand the influence of culture on the change process. The Effect of Culture in Managing Organizational Change There is a concerted effort in every organization directed towards elimination of old cultural modes to more current business oriented modes. This involves a consistent â€Å"shift from cultural conformity† to a mode that is open to new ideas on ways of doing things (Cameron and Quinn 2006). Cameron and Quinn (2006, p. 35) note that there is a record number of failures in change management at organizati onal level, suggesting a fresh approach to â€Å"thinking and perceiving change†. Culture affects an organizations change management in a number of ways as will be described below. Strict Organization Management This is a culture where the management makes decisions in a dictatorial manner without consulting the staff. This could be seen in the manner in which the management decides to sideline the views of the junior staff in making decisions concerning buying of company equipment or machines and other resources.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Without consulting the actual user of the machine for example, the management can buy wrong equipment or even obsolete ones. In some cases, the management restricts the staff to using only certain types of technology platforms, and as a result impede on the productivity of the staff. The management in such cases aims at saving on the cost of training staff on the new processes or buying sophisticated machines. This culture tunes the mind of employees to work according to the orders without question the authority. It is difficult to effect and manage new changes in such organizations as workers are not usually part of the decisions body. Organization management needs to invest in research and development all the time to ensure they fully understand the effect of the changes effected in the organization. The Centralization Culture There are organizations in which core services to employees are centralized in one place. Such services could include; ICT support, staff welfare and human resource benefits. A centralized culture is quite cumbersome especially in large organizations where employees have to go through a lot of bureaucracy to get services (Schein 2010). A lot of time is wasted as one tries to go through a bureaucratic chain to get service. For example, in a large higher learning institution with several campuses operating in a centralized mode, services such as printing, course admission and examinations department would have to be coordinated from one place. This mode of operation leads to lose of time, results and poor performance (Krastchmer 2005). Centralization only helps in achieving uniformity in terms of the service provided by the organization. Proponents of this type of approach associate it with efficiency and low cost on facility maintenance (Cameron and Quinn 2006). The system however reduces the freedom of employees to carry out their duties, and also hampers knowledge creation in the organization. For organizations that apply knowledge fo r operation like schools, it’s not just enough to look at every operation in terms of efficiency and profitability. It matters also to look at how knowledge is created and shared across the organization. Employees need to have freedom to create knowledge that helps the organization to grow its network. Cameron and Quinn (2006, p. 52) note that some of the excellent organizations in the world have learnt to create small teams within the organization and setting them upon each other in a completion that is all geared towards the same goal. Changes in such an organization may proof difficult to effect as everything has to follow a long chain of bureaucracy causing a waste of time. Disregarding the Views of Employee’s In some organizations, the management does not consider the views of the employees especially on matters that regard their welfare. Before embarking on any change initiative, the management must seek to find out the effect the proposed change will have on the production of the workers. It’s important that they consider the views of the employees before phasing out or introducing any program so as to align the changes to the needs and aspirations of the workers. By locking out the views of the workers, the management propagates the status quo, which creates resistance to the change that could be suggested by employees (Schein 2010). Organizations need to invest in properly qualified workers whose ability and opinion they can trust. If a management team is in-charge of lowly qualified staff, they tend to make every decision without considering their â€Å"substandard† opinion. This often happens when an organization transits from small to large enterprise. It’s common for small organizations to hire employees with low qualifications, whose opinions can ignore (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2007). Such organizations develop the culture of disregarding the opinion of the workers. Organizations are now moving to appreciating and looking at employees as an important asset of the organization, who should be consulted in every decision. Schein (2010, p. 46) points out that appreciating employees’ opinion makes them feel part of the organization and gives them a feeling of ownership. Resistance to Change Research indicates that employees tend to resist changes that require further learning to acquire the necessary skills (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2007). A change involving new computer software in an organization may require that the intended users attend training to acquire new relevant skills to use the software. The old generation employees are often on the forefront to reject such changes; they instead prefer processes that they are used to. Organization Support Culture Support to employees by organization creates a sense of emotional belonging to the organization. This is especially when a staff member is in critical situations such as; sickness or grieving the loss of a loved one. It’s im portant for an organization to show support to employees who find themselves in such situations by standing with them during the period of the problem (Schein 2010). Most organizations have welfare committees that cater for the welfare of their staff by providing moral support in times of sickness of death of close ones. Besides support during difficult moments, organizations also need to develop a support culture to members who come with innovative ideas. Members of staff are more likely to come up new ideas mostly in their fields of specialization, which can help the organization grow. If the management fails to show support and even recognize such workers, other workers with similar ideas in future may shy away from presenting them to the organization. Members of staff can sacrifice and spend time to research and bring useful ideas to the organization, if they are assured of the organization’s support in the implementation of the idea. Collaborative Culture Organizations m ust seek to foster â€Å"a participative culture† in the organization. Organizations that fail to foster â€Å"a participative culture† often end up with employees who are always unwilling to take part in voluntary projects in an organization (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2007). An organization may want to take part in a voluntary activity such as tree planting or a charity walk, but if the employees have not developed a participative culture, only a few may take part. This attitude affects employees’ willingness to take part in free trainings or seminars organized by the organization. Alvesson and Sveningsson (2007, p. 89) claim that in the case of learning institutions, students and teachers may refuse to take on extra lessons or even participate in extracurricular activities. Sharing Knowledge in an Organization Knowledge grows when it’s shared, knowledge based organizations such as schools, colleges and universities have a duty to grow a culture of knowle dge creation and dissemination. University professors must make contributions in academic journals in their areas of specialization in order to attain certain qualifications. Academic institutions peg promotions to the number of publications a professor has on his or her account in various academic journals. This attitude breeds a habit of concealing ideas from the public in order to be the first to publish just to have an edge over the rest (Schein 2010). Organizations that organize the need of knowledge sharing organize forums that bring together both internal and external participants to share knowledge on various topics. If this is developed as a culture in an organization, more staff members can be willing to research and share information with their colleagues various issues. In the current era, where technology has taken the centre stage in every process, the internet is becoming an important platform for knowledge sharing. Blogs and social media such as facebook and twitter are gaining popularity in providing a forum for information sharing. Company or organization websites are also used as points of getting sharing information in between the organization and the public. This can be in form of a database containing information of employee and organization’s achievements and services offered by the organization (Schein 2010). This besides acting as a marketing tool, it provides a cheap and easier way for organizations to communicate with the workers. Most organizations do not provide forum for employees to engage the management especially on matters affecting their welfare. This is because the fear that employees can use the forum to send attacking messages to the management or to incite other workers. The Learning Culture Because of the dynamic nature of the business environment today, organizations must provide their employees with opportunities to learn and expand their skills in line with the core business of the organization. Learning opport unities include; part time classes, short skills training courses, conferences and seminars that are relevant to the core business of the organization. An organization can also develop a learning culture by providing fee subsidies or scholarships to members that are willing to pursue studies at higher levels (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2007). Through the information gained from the learning sessions, the staff members gain vital information to deal with change in the organization. Most of the current changes in business organizations require new skill sets that can only be acquired through learning. The Mentorship Culture Organizations should develop a mentorship and skills transfer program where senior and experienced members of staff transfer their skills and knowledge to new members. The senior members need to co-opt junior members of staff and walk them through the various operations processes of the organization. In this regard, the junior staffs learn from the seniors through sk ills transfer process. Though the junior members of staff have little working experience, they may be well informed in emerging issues especially in areas of technology, which may be of great help to the organization (Cameron and Quinn 2006). Mentorship culture also helps in maintaining the culture of the institution, by allowing senior staff members to pass on the values and norms of the company to new entrants in the organization. It also offers guidelines to the junior staffs to manage change as they transit either from college to work or one organization to another. Conclusion This paper demonstrates the extent to which organizational culture can impact on change management in an organization. Its proposition is that the changes that come along in the course of operation should be anchored on the culture of the organization. The organization management should take a participatory approach in implementing changes in the organization. The paper also shows that cultures of strict f irm control, centralization and ignoring workers’ opinion is detrimental to realizing change management in an organization. The management is responsible for the formation of cooperative teams in the organization that support change implementation. The teams should be empowered and to encourage every member in the organization feel part of the â€Å"family† in the organization. Reference List Alvesson, M and Sveningsson, S 2007, Changing Organizational Culture: Cultural Change Work in Progress, Routledge, New York. Cameron, S and Quinn, E 2006, Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture: Based on Competing Values Framework, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Krastchmer, P 2005, Organizational Culture is highly resistant to Change- Discuss, Books on Demand, Nordestedt. Schein, H 2010, Organizational Culture and Leadership, John Willey and Sons, New York. This report on Role of Culture in Change Management was written and submitted by user Averie W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Catatonic Depression

Catatonic Depression Introduction Major depressive disorder is a mental ailment in which the victim exhibits an extreme mood, low self regard as well as loss of concern in activities that are usually considered to be pleasurable. Catatonic (depression) is a major type of depression that is exemplified by relentless motor function disturbances. It is nonetheless not viewed as a disconnect disorder but usually linked with other psychiatric conditions, such as, drug abuse.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Catatonic Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is caused by cognitions and environmental factors. The major cause of catatonic depression is negativity of a person or in the way he or she perceives different aspects of life. It is a disposition disorder and has an effect on an individual’s life, for example, the person’s health. It may even lead to suicide. This paper examines the causes, symptoms, preventio n, treatment and various arguments in relation to Catatonic depression. Literature Review Dhossche (2006) asserts that catatonic syndrome is characterized by coexistence of psychiatric symptoms and motor symptoms. There is an association of catatonia with depression, alcoholism, syphilis and epilepsy. Catatonic signs can appear in a variety of disorders and it is not therefore purely a psychiatric condition associated with schizophrenia as it was earlier believed. The identification of major depressive ailment is dependent on the self-reported occurrences from the patient himself/herself, demeanors accounted by acquaintances or family members, and a mental status test. Nevertheless, there is no (laboratory) examination for the disorder (major depression). Therapeutic practitioners in general call for examinations for (physical) conditions that may result in similar indications so as to establish the outcomes and degree of the major depression. According to Gelder, Mayou and Geddes ( 2005), a depressive ailment may result in dawdling recovery of the sick individual and may impinge on or deteriorate the victim’s physical health if it is not noticed at some point in the early phases. Beck and Alford (2009) asserts that in the class of disposition disorders, catatonic indicators are normally linked to bipolar I ailment which is a disposition disorder concerning depressive and mania phases. Signs and symptoms of catatonic exhilaration, for instance, unsystematic movement not linked to the surroundings or replication of phrases, words, and movements may take place for the period of manic stage. The authentic catatonic indicators are unfeasible to make a distinction from those witnessed in catatonic (schizophrenia). The catatonic symptoms may also appear in combination with other mood disorders, including bipolar II disorder, mixed disorders and major depressive disorders.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you ! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Causes of Catatonic depression Catatonic depression is mainly caused by problems in production of neurotransmitters within the brain. These are substances that carry out impulses beside a nerve (from one nerve unit to the other). Serotonins (as well as norepinephrine) are believed to be the most essential neuro-transmitters that are linked to depression. Other causes include psycho-social, genetic among other factors. Psychological causes This involves different aspects of personality, where there is negativity in ones way of life, there is a tendency to develop depression since ones emotions are affected in a negative way. This is caused by the inability of an individual to cope with situations and low self esteem. A person may develop depression due to ealy relationships with the parents or caretakers for example during infant stage for example loss of a parent or mistreatment and rejection of the child. Social causes Social factors like poverty can cause mental disorders one of them being depression. Child abuse which may be physical, emotional or sexual can cause depression later in life as the child live to remember the ordeal many years after its occurrence. This is built on the argument that it is during the childhood days that a person’s develops and learns how to be a social being. Any ill-treatment may disfigure a child’s character development and afterward lead to depression and other intellectual and expressive disorders. Some kinds of long-term drug use or over-use of drugs and alcohol can also cause depression or worsen depressive conditions. Evolutionary causes Major depression is associated with causing an increased individual reproductive fitness. Depression may be hereditary where the depression disorders may be passed genetically. This is linked to some species and the manner in which they adapt to various stimuli especially those who perceive things in a negative m anner. Signs of Catatonic dejection The most discrete indications are; motor immobility, intense negativism and denial to speak, replication of other individuals terms and deeds as well as eccentric movements. Mainly, people with catatonic depression remain motionless and may remain in a position in which they have been placed for a long time, unnecessary activity that is performed without a specific reason, feelings of worthlessness, unnecessary guilt and regret, helplessness, hopelessness, self-hatred, poor concentration and memory, withdrawal from social situations and activities, reduced sexual desires, and thoughts of suicide. Catatonic depression patients may be stigmatized (American Psychiatric Association, 2000)Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Catatonic Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Prevention of Catatonic depression Although there is no one major preventive measure for depressive diso rders, the recommended way to prevent Catatonic depression is through Becks cognitive-behavioral therapy. The therapy works by breaking a persons negative perceptions about him or herself, the world, and their general view of different aspects of life. Catatonic (depression) Treatment Preliminary treatment is intended at mitigating the victim from the catatonic situation. The commonly used form of treatment is the use of antidepressants medication. Electroconvulsive remedy is also an effectual treatment for catatonia and its associated causes, for instance, depression. It has a more rapidly effect than anti-depressant (therapy) and hence it is suggested for urgent situations for example where one is refusing to take meals. Care should be taken in the provision of the medication since wrong use can worsen the situation. When first line treatment fails, other means are used, for example amantadine which may lead to tolerance when its use is prolonged hence causing psychosis. Memantine is another alternative and is ideal for persons who can not put up with amantadine for the reason that it has decreased frequencies of psychosis. Hospitalization is necessary for people who posses signs of being violent and the ability to harm themselves or others. Counseling is also essential to the patients as it helps them change their negative attitude towards life and value themselves. It helps the patients to raise their self- esteem and learn to live positively hence avoiding stress. Psychotherapy is very useful especially to older people and should be offered in conjunction with medication since it minimizes the chances of the disorder becoming recurrent. Physical exercise is also crucial in clearing moderate depressive disorders since it keeps the mind occupied and the body fit (Martin, Volkar and Lewis, 2007) It is believed that depressed individuals usually have shorter life expectancies than those without depression. This is because of greater vulnerability to medical i llnesses that lead to deterioration a person’s of health and also cases of suicide. Deficiency in societal support, for example, from the close family members may result in stress and strain, which is the commonly reported reason for depression. There are some speculations by the American Psychiatric Association(2000) that states that exposure to ultra-violet light reduces the chances of getting depressive disorders. 30 minutes of vigorous exercise three times a week also reduce the vulnerability of being a victim of depressive disorders.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The mainly employed treatments (for depression) are medication, psychiatric therapy, and electroconvulsive (therapy). Psychotherapy is the treatment moist suitable for people under the age of 18years while electroconvulsive therapy is only used where other treatments can not work because of one reason or another. Care and treatment of depression is mainly done outside the hospital unless for cases where the patients are violent and have signs of causing harm to themselves or to others. It is nevertheless hard to get excellent cure of depression in third world nations due to limited competent personnel as well as medication facilities. Conclusion Major depressive disorder is inclusive of various kinds of disorders each with its causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment. However most disorders share most of the symptoms and characteristics and it is therefore difficult to directly identify a disorder. It is advisable to take preventive measures to ensure that a person does not suffer from these disorders and if the disorder occurs the patient should seek medication early enough to avoid worse effects. Reference List American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th edition, text revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Beck, T. A., Alford B.A. (2009). Depression: Causes and Treatment. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press Dhossche, M.D. (2006). Catatonia in Autism Spectrum Disorders. San Diego: Academic Press Gelder, M.G., Mayou, R., Geddes, J. (2005). Psychiatry. 3rd ed. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press Martin, A., Volkar, A.F and Lewis, M. (2007). Lewiss child and adolescent psychiatry: a comprehensive textbook. 4th ed. New York: Williams Wilkins publishers.